Burner for heating apparatus



192 Sept 7 J. B. ANDERSON ET AL BURNER FOR HEATING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 16, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS 1927. Sept J. B. ANDERSON ET AL BURNER FOR HEATING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 1926 WIIIIIIIII/(I/A V INVENTORS Patented Sept. 20, 1927.

UNITED. STA

TEs PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES B. ANDERSON AND JAMES B. GARNER, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASQ

' A CORPORATION or WEST VIR INIA.

SIGNORS TO PEOPLES NATURAL GAS COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA,

BURNER FOR HEATING APPARATUS.

Application filed November 18, 1926 Serial N0. 148,6 86.

Our invention relates to improvements in burners for heating apparatus, and particularly in such burnersadapted for the consun'iptionof gaseous and liquid fuel, either alternately or combination. .The service for which our invention has been developed is domestic heating.

In the accompanying drawingsFig. I is a view in vertical and transverse section of a hot waterfurnace, originally designed, to be sure, for a differently developed flame, but showing its simple adaptation to our invention, and showing the burner oi v our iuventionin place wit 1111 it.

Fig. II is showing in plan the burner alone. Fig. III is a view showing the burner alone in side elevation. Fig. IV'is a View ot the burner alone shown in longitudinal and Vertical section, on the plane indicated on the line IVIV, FigzII. Fig. V is a frag; mentary view in vertical section and on a plane approximately atri'ght angles to that of Fig, IV, drawn to still. larger scale, and illustrating a detail oi the burner structure. Fig. VI is a. view in perspective and drawn approximately to the scale of Fig. V ot a tuel-distributing plate'which forms part of the burner structure. Fig. VII is a view in vertical section of a certain baille. plate. Fig VIII is a. view of the same hafile plate in plan from above. and in Fig; VIII the plane of section of Fig VII is indicated by the line V IIVII. Fig. IX is view in perspective oi a certain clamp'adapted in the assembly to cooperate with the plate shown in Fig. VI. Fig. is a viewin perspective of a trough which, forms part of the burner assembly. Fig, XI is a view in transversesection through the trough'oif Fig. X. The plane of section is in Fig. X

indicated by the line XI-XI.

A conduit 1 is soarranged that a stream of air may be n'iaintained through it. The stream may be caused to flow, either by draft through a chimney. alone, or, where the draft is insutlicient, with the assistance of a tan 2 (Fig. III). a The conduit toward its delivery end is preit'erabl v contracted into a throat, indicated at; 3 IV), through which the. advancing stream narrows and beyond which the stream widens again. 5

' The conduit terminates vin the burner I a ing plate a View to somewhat larger scale structure proper, openat 4. Before emergence through the opening .43 the stream of air passes beneath the edge of an'ov'erhang 5,.Iand at the same time sweeps .av trough 6.

The burner properin this particular embodiment of the invention, includes a horizontally extending plate 7, rigidly borne on posts 7O. The air conduit 1 opens upwardly through this plate, and into the burner. The plate 7- carries transversely along its rear edge, the edge to the right, F igs. II,-

III, and IV, the gas header 8, and from this gasheader 8'rise 'posts'9. On either side plate'Tcarries the side plates 10-between which side plates and cast integrally with them'eigteuds web 11 and from the web 11 at either side and adjacent the side plates 10 rise the integrally cast posts 12. As

clearly shown in Fig. IV, trough 6 is removabiy placed upon and rests upon web l1 and posts 12. .The trough is'conveniently provided beneath with the positioning projection (31 (Figs. X and XI.) and, as

appears in Fig. IV, the proportions are such that in installation, plate 7 beinglevel, the inner rim of trough 61 is slightly lower than the outer rim. This for purposes presently to be explainedh I Between the side plates 10 and rigidly secured to them extends a baffle plate 13. This plate is shown in detail in Figs. VII

and VIII, andin assemblyin Fig. IV. In

the assembly, it will beperceived that bathe plate. 13 forms with web 11 a second throat or contraction of theconduit, through which the stream of air advances from intake 1 toburner opening a, and through which the direction of flow is changed from vertical to horizontal. v I

The plate 5 is securely mounted upon the side plat'es'lO and posts 12; The plate '5 is elaborated, possessing features of shape and function which are illustrated in Figs.

IV, VI. and IX. Essentially it a transversely arranged, downwardly sloping plate,

the declivity increasing toward its lower edge, which overhangs trough 16. Thus between the o\' erhanging edge of plate 5 and the underlying inner surface of trough 6, the contraction of the conduit afforded by web 11 and bathe plate 13 comes to its narrowest point. The plate 5 is provided along its rear edge with a trough 51, and at its two sides with check plates 52 which, as best shown in Fig. IV form the side walls of the conduit, limiting the spread of the stream as it advances from between plate 5 and trough 6 to opening 4.

A hood 14 is pivotally mounted upon posts 9 and rests by gravity upon one of the cheek plates 52. Its side walls 15 over- 7 'lap side plat-es 10 and cheek plates 52, as

This ridge protrudes from above toward trough '6 and toward the outer edge of trough 6, so as to form with the outer edge of trough 6 a final contraction in the conduit (not so narrow, however, as that defined by plate 5), before emergence of the stream through the burner opening 4. Hood 14 is adjustable upon its pivotal mounting, by means of the thumb-screw 17 which it carries and which at its inner end immediately abuts one of the cheek plates 52. By this provision the width of the ultimate constriction (just mentioned) of the. condui't'may be minutely adjusted, and the Width of the burner orifice minutely adjusted. It will be perceived on comparing Figs. I and IV that beneath the rear edge of hood 14 and between posts 9 there is an opening and that through this opening the atmosphere in the furnace chamber- .(Fjig. I) has access, and in consequence there will be a certain streaming through of induced currents between plates 10, 52, and 15, and over the upper face plate 5. Such streaming through will be slight, and is of no consequence to disturb normal oper ation of the burner.

To header 8 gas may be supplied through a pipe 81, and in this supply pipe a control valve 82 may be placed. From header 8 gas nozzles 83 extend and these, penetrating baffle plate 13, are arranged to deliver their jets in the direction of flow and immediately at the rear of the narrowest place, defined by and betweenplate 5 and trough 6. To the trough 51 at the upper rear edge of plate 5 an oil pipe 53 makes delivervfand at a suitable point in they extent'of this oil pipe a control valve 54 may be set. The plate5 is overlain with a wick or mat 55 of asbestos or equivalent liquid absorbent material. Themat preferably overhangs the forward edge of plate 5, as shown in Fig. IV. The mat may be held in place upon plate 5 by means of a clamp in the form of a loop 18 of wire (Fig. IX) held to clamping position upon the mat by being slipped beneath studs 56 projecting from cheek plates 52 (Fig. VI). The wire of which loop 18 is formed may in the stud-engaging region of its extent be shaped, as indicated at 19, Fig. IX, to

form wedges. By such provision the clamp may be tightened upon the web. Trough 6 is lined with a mat 62 of similarmaterial. In the conduit wall, at the intake side of the constriction defined by andbetween web '11 and baflle plate 13 is formed a trough like depression 23, extending transversely and underlying the inner edge of trough -6 throughout all its extent. This depression is a collecting trough for oil,

From it a delivery pipe 24 may theinterior forthe placement of wicks or mats 55 and 6-2; but, otherwise, so far as concerns operation, the structure might be integral. e have found a-high melting point bronze the best material, to endure the temperature of normal operation.

7 The value of bronze, however, does notbegin and end in its ability to endure the temperature of operation. We have found, and in this discovery lies invention, that bronze so used as burner material will not become coated with soot in such degree as will iron, the material ordinarily used in such structures. This freedom from soot is not a matter of cleanliness merely, it is a matter of efiiciency, for a soot coating is .a coating of heat insulating material and if present disturbs and diminishes the heating" eii'cct. From such disturbance our burner is free.

Fi I shows the burner of our invention installed in a domestic furnace originally intended for service with other fuel. 19 is the furnace chamber, over-arched by a water chamber 24). Grate bars 21 define the furnace chamber below. This furnace chamber willbe understood to be provided with a chimney, asis usual. In making installation of our invention the grate bars are covered with aplate 2-2, through which plate 22 our burner structure rises. plate 7 is in eif-ect a continuation of-i plate 22. Thus it appears that there is'no substantial ingress of air to the furnace cha mber except through the burner, and that the burner opening 4 is into the furnace chamber and near the floor of the chamber, and horizontally directed In operation a stream of air enters through conduit 1 and the flame plays from burner opening 4. If liquid fuel is to be used the appropriate valve is opened and the fuel is allowed to flow in and to fill trough 5 1, to overflow the trough and saturate mat 55 and to drip from mat 55 into trough 6 and to saturate mat '62. The oil so saturating mat 62 is lighted. As the flame burns, normal conditions of draft are gradually established, and the burner itself is gradually The I heated. The control valve is regulated, and presently the fuel being vaporized on plate 5, the entering stream of air will take up the vaporized fuel as it passes the lower edge of mat overhanging plate 5. If in consequence of fluctuating conditions there is dripping of fuel to trough 6, the flame will burn in part from the trough, and if fuel accummulates in the trough any overfiow will be caught in trough 23. Automatic cut-offs are known, by meansof which the fuel supply may on the accumulation of such overflow be cut off, and our'burner lends itself to the use of such an automatic cut-off.

In case gas is to be used as a fuel, the gas is turned on and lighted at the jets afforded by nozzles 83. As the burner structure grows hot the valve will be regulated, to afford a flame of complete combustion.

Manifestly the structure admits of the conjoint use of liquid and gaseous fuel.

In the operation ofthe burner whether with one kind of fuel ofthe other, or with both, the hood 14: may be adjusted in its positon to afford a width of opening best suited to the draft conditions otherwise established.

The gas header 8 is serviceable in still another way. If the fuel to be used be liquid alone, the header 8 with its nozzles 83 may be used, not for the introduction, of gaseous fuel, but for the injection of jets of steam or of compressed air. By such alternate service draft conditions may be modified and improved-it may for instance be possible thus to. dispense with a fan, if otherwise a fan be iiecessary-and conditions of combustion may be improved.

In the assembly illustrated i I the flame advantageously plays upon a body 25 of refractory material. a heap of fire bricks, for example, set within the combustion chamber of the furnace and opposite the burner opening.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a burner structure the combination of an air conduit opening to a combustion chamber, the said conduit being constricted in its approach to the combustion chamber, means for introducing liquid fuel to said conduit in the region of constriction and from above, and means for jetting another gaseous substance into a stream of air ilow-' ing in said conduit in the region of constriction and in the direction of fiow.

2. In a burner struc'ture adapted for the consumption both of liquid and of gaseous fuel, the combination of an air conduit opening to a combustion chamber, thesaid conduit being constricted in its approach to the combustion chamber. means for introducing liquid fuel to said conduit in the region of constriction and from above, and

means for delivering a jet of gaseous fuel intosaid conduit in the region of constriction and 1n the direction of flow.

3. In a burner structure adapted for the consumption both of liquid and of gaseous fuel, means adapted to receive an upwardly flowing stream of air, and to turn it from vertical to horizontal direction, means for introducing liquid fuel'from above to such horizontally directed stream, and means for projecting into such horizontally directed stream and in the direction of flow a jet of gaseous fuel.

4. In a burner structure a conduit including a baflie plate adapted to turn a vertically rising stream of air and to direct it fuel over the forward edge of said bafiie plate to the advancing stream of air, and a nozzle penetrating said baffle plate and adapted to deliver a jet of gas into the de fiected stream of air and in the direction 6; In a burner the combination of a down-' wardly inclined plate having a horizontally extending lower edge, means for supplying liquid fluid to said plate. a horizontally extending trough arranged at an interval beneath the lower edge of said plate, means for causing a stream of air to sweep between said plate and said trough, and means for directing a jet of gas into such stream of air and in the direction of flow as it advances. between said plate and said trough.

7. The structure defined in claim 6, hav ing combined with it a pivoted hood enclosing said plate from above.

8. The structure defined in claim 6, having combined with it a pivotedhood enclosing said plate from above and forming wit-h said trough the burner orifice.

9. The structure defined in claim 6, having combined with it a pivoted and vertically adjustable hood, enclosing said plate from aboveand forming with said trough the burner orifice.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands.

JAMES B. ANDERSON. JAMES B. GARNER.

horizontally, means for conveying liquid 

